{"id":2087,"date":"2017-04-20T19:03:50","date_gmt":"2017-04-20T10:03:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/?page_id=2087"},"modified":"2022-08-08T11:34:29","modified_gmt":"2022-08-08T02:34:29","slug":"article03","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/activities\/results\/2017year\/article03","title":{"rendered":"YAMASHITA Toshihide \u226aMolecular Neuroscience\u226b <span>Regulator of Chromosome Structure Crucial to Healthy Brain Function and Nerve Development<\/span>"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul class=\"linkBar clearfix\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/activities\/results\/2017year\/article03\">Text in Japanese<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2017-4-13<br \/><span class=\"lineFrame\">Publish<\/span> The Journal of Experimental Medicine\uff082017\uff09 doi:\u00a0<span class=\"st\">10.1084\/jem.20161517<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Research led by Osaka University identifies cohesin protein as key to control of chromosome structure underlying nerve cell network formation (Fig. 1)<\/p>\n<p class=\"figure\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/activities\/results\/2017\/result_2017_article_03_01.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/activities\/results\/2017\/result_2017_article_03_01.png\" alt=\"\" \/><br \/><span class=\"caption\">Figure 1 <br \/>Decreased cohesin in the brain alters gene expression leading to the disruption of neuronal network formation.<br \/><\/span> <span class=\"click\">Click to enlarge<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>In the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, DNA is packaged with histone proteins into complexes known as chromatin, which are further compacted into chromosomes during cell division. Abnormalities in the structure of chromosomes are known to cause changes in gene expression during development of nerve cell networks.<\/p>\n<p>Research coordinated by Osaka University has now shown that the nuclear protein complex cohesin must be expressed at sufficient levels in the early mouse brain to control gene regulation and allow development of healthy neuronal networks and behavioral characteristics.<\/p>\n<p>Cohesin controls gene expression and chromatin structure, as well as enabling chromosomes to separate correctly immediately prior to cell division. Mutations in the genes encoding proteins that regulate cohesin and cohesin protein itself cause the developmental disorder Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS). This genetic knowledge hinted that the disease does not result from faulty chromosome separation but rather from structural defects in the chromosomes.<\/p>\n<p>With this in mind, the researchers switched off expression of the mouse Smc3 gene, which encodes part of the cohesin complex, in particular cell types to assess its function. Different abnormalities such as cleft palates, small skulls, and problems with higher brain function were seen depending on which cell types lacked Smc3 expression, but the phenotypes were similar to those seen in CdLS patients.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMice with reduced expression of cohesin had abnormalities in the development of nerve cell branches and junctions (synapses) in the cerebral cortex, the gray matter of the brain that is responsible for consciousness and memory,&#8221; study first author Yuki Fujita says. \u201cThey were also much more anxious than control mice in a range of behavioral tests.&#8221; (Fig. 2, 3)<\/p>\n<p class=\"figure\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/activities\/results\/2017\/result_2017_article_03_02.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/activities\/results\/2017\/result_2017_article_03_02.png\" alt=\"\" \/><br \/><span class=\"caption\">Figure 2 <br \/>Decreased cohesin function inhibits spine maturation, which is associated with synapse formation.<\/span> <span class=\"click\">Click to enlarge<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"figure\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/activities\/results\/2017\/result_2017_article_03_03.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/activities\/results\/2017\/result_2017_article_03_03.png\" alt=\"\" \/><br \/><span class=\"caption\">Figure 3 <br \/>The mice with reduced cohesin function in neurons shows greater latency to drink sweetened-milk in novel environment, suggesting increased anxiety-related behavior compared with normal mice.<\/span> <span class=\"click\">Click to enlarge<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>This anxious behavior mirrored that of CdLS patients, while autopsied brain tissue from individuals with CdLS showed symptoms of disease that matched those of the experimental mice suggesting that they were a good animal model.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe also found that reduced cohesin led to changes in the expression of genes involved in nerve cell development and the response to an immune signaling protein,&#8221; corresponding author Toshihide Yamashita says. \u201cThese changes were related to the neuronal and behavioral signs we saw in the mice.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Unless sufficient cohesin was present in the developing mouse brain, the researchers showed that the regulation of a number of genes was disrupted, leading to neuronal defects and increased anxiety.<\/p>\n<p>The work will be published as \u201cDecreased cohesin in the brain leads to defective synapse development and anxiety-related behavior&#8221;.<\/p>\n<h3>Article Information<\/h3>\n<h4>Title<\/h4>\n<p>\u201cDecreased cohesin in the brain leads to defective synapse development and anxiety-related behavior&#8221;<\/p>\n<h4>Authors<\/h4>\n<p>Yuki Fujita, Koji Masuda, Masashige Bando, Ryuichiro Nakato, Yuki Katou, Takashi Tanaka, Masahiro Nakayama, Keizo Takao, Tsuyoshi Miyakawa, Tatsunori Tanaka, Yukio Ago, Hitoshi Hashimoto, Katsuhiko Shirahige, and Toshihide Yamashita<\/p>\n<h4>Journal<\/h4>\n<p>The Journal of Experimental Medicine<\/p>\n<p><!-- \n\n<h4>DOI<\/h4>\n\n --><\/p>\n<h4>Funded by<\/h4>\n<p>This work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) to Y.F., a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS 25221309) to T.Y., a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Chromosome OS) to K.S., and the Platform Project for Supporting in Drug Discovery and Life Science Research from AMED to K.S. Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Comprehensive Brain Science Network) from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan to K.T.<\/p>\n<h4>Release Summary Text<\/h4>\n<p>Research led by Osaka University showed that a regulatory protein of chromosome structure (cohesin) is essential for proper maintenance of gene expression in the developing brain. Reduced cohesin impaired development of nerve cells, leading to anxiety-related behavior in mice. This research outlines a role for cohesin as a master controller of genes necessary for development of healthy nerve cell networks.<\/p>\n<h4>Primary Keywords<\/h4>\n<p>Biology, Medicine\/Health<\/p>\n<h4>Additional Keywords<\/h4>\n<p>Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, Genetics, Neurobiology<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Text in Japanese 2017-4-13Publish The Journal of Experimental Medicine\uff082017\uff09 doi:\u00a010.1084\/jem.20161517 Researc [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2081,"parent":1920,"menu_order":171,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2087"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2087"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2087\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7432,"href":"https:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2087\/revisions\/7432"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1920"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2081"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2087"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}