{"id":4990,"date":"2019-06-07T15:58:43","date_gmt":"2019-06-07T06:58:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/?page_id=4990"},"modified":"2022-08-26T14:57:42","modified_gmt":"2022-08-26T05:57:42","slug":"yachida201906","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/activities\/results\/2019year\/yachida201906","title":{"rendered":"Shinichi Yachida \u226aCancer Genome Informatics\u226b <span>A gut feeling: microbiome changes may mean early detection of colorectal cancer<\/span>"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul class=\"linkBar clearfix\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/activities\/results\/2019year\/yachida201906\">Text in Japanese<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2019-06-07<br \/><em><em><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"lineFrame\">Publish\u00a0<\/span> <em>Nature Medicine<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Researchers from Osaka University reveal specific changes in the gut microbiota at difference stages of colorectal cancer that may lead to important detection methods or further understanding of colorectal cancer development.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"figure\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5001 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/5621deba8a18b839c7a4321764bb05e8-400x225.jpg?_t=1560212520\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/5621deba8a18b839c7a4321764bb05e8-400x225.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/5621deba8a18b839c7a4321764bb05e8-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/5621deba8a18b839c7a4321764bb05e8-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/5621deba8a18b839c7a4321764bb05e8.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/5621deba8a18b839c7a4321764bb05e8.jpg\"> <span class=\"caption\"><strong>Figure 1. Microbial dynamics during multistep colorectal cancer progression.<\/strong><br \/>Graphic representation of major microbial and metabolomic alterations during multistep colorectal cancer progression.<span class=\"click\">Click to enlarge<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The gut has a population of organisms that live within in it, called the gut microbiome, which are linked to human health and disease. Recent studies have shown that assessing the genetic changes in fecal samples can accurately reflect the status of the gut microbiome, and may be useful for the early diagnosis of diseases.<\/p>\n<p>A group of researchers from Osaka University have recently reported increases in specific microbiome organisms that are linked to the malignancies associated with colorectal cancer, such as intramucosal carcinomas and polypoid adenomas. Their results, recently published in <em>Nature Medicine Letters<\/em>, reveal that these specific markers could help distinguish cases of colorectal cancer from healthy samples.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe believe that colorectal cancer is fundamentally not only a genetic but also a microbial disease,\u201d says one of the study\u2019s corresponding authors, Shinichi Yachida. \u201cOur results show that changes in the gut microbiome are present at the very early stages of colorectal cancer development, which could potentially provide vital diagnostic and causative clues for this disease.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Colorectal cancer, the third most prevalent cancer globally, is a relatively slow-moving disease\u2014meaning it takes a long period of time before reaching its final, fatal stages. Therefore, early detection is crucial to ensuring effective treatment. The researchers used fecal samples from a little over 600 patients who underwent colonoscopy to assess the characteristics of their gut microbiota and how they relate to colorectal cancer.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOur results revealed that colorectal cancer was linked to an increase in certain factors in the gut microbiome, as well as the presence of cancer-associated organisms,\u201d says the second corresponding author, Takuji Yamada. \u201cFuture studies will focus on the relationship between the gut microbiome and tumor characteristics in individual patients with colorectal cancer. This will help us understand the roles of the microbiome in the development of colorectal cancer.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>***<\/p>\n<p>The article, \u201cMetagenomic and metabolomic analyses reveal distinct stage-specific phenotypes of the gut microbiota in colorectal cancer\u201d was published in <em>Nature Medicine Letters <\/em>at DOI:10.1038\/s41591-019-0458-7<\/p>\n<p>***<\/p>\n<p class=\"figure\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5005 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/2a831ec055ed4fee4e1d0936ea40500d-1-400x195.jpg?_t=1560212635\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"195\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/2a831ec055ed4fee4e1d0936ea40500d-1-400x195.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/2a831ec055ed4fee4e1d0936ea40500d-1-768x375.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/2a831ec055ed4fee4e1d0936ea40500d-1.jpg 898w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/2a831ec055ed4fee4e1d0936ea40500d-1.jpg\"> <span class=\"caption\"><strong>Figure 2. Distinct stage-specific taxonomic signatures with cancer progression.<\/strong><br \/>We noted two patterns of significant (P &lt; 0.005) species elevation: one that increased across early to later stages (blue dotted box), and the other elevated only in the early stages (red dotted box). The former was characterized by Fusobacterium nucleatum, Gemella morbillorum, Parvimonas micra, and Peptostreptococcus stomatis. The latter was characterized by Atopobium parvulum and Actinomyces odontolyticus.<span class=\"click\">Click to enlarge<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"figure\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5000 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/ee3be1d100caf1aa771552d59c2bd436-400x225.jpg?_t=1560212700\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/ee3be1d100caf1aa771552d59c2bd436-400x225.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/ee3be1d100caf1aa771552d59c2bd436-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/ee3be1d100caf1aa771552d59c2bd436-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/ee3be1d100caf1aa771552d59c2bd436.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/ee3be1d100caf1aa771552d59c2bd436.jpg\"> <span class=\"caption\"><strong>Figure 3. Metabolome shift in very early stages of tumorigenesis. <\/strong><br \/>Compared with healthy controls, we found significant elevations in deoxycholate (DCA) in multiple polypoid adenomas, and in glycocholate and taurocholate in intramucosal carcinomas. Elevations of branched-chain amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, and valine), phenylalanine, tyrosine, serine, and glycine were shown. BCFA, branched-chain fatty acid.<\/span><span class=\"click\">Click to enlarge<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Summary: <\/strong>Most sporadic colorectal cancers can develop over decades. Recent studies showed that the gut microbiome has possible diagnostic potential for health and disease. Researchers from Osaka University assessed fecal samples from patients who underwent colonoscopy to study the relationship between gut microbiota and colorectal cancer. They found specific markers that could discriminate cases of colorectal cancer from healthy samples. This posits that colorectal cancer is not only a genetic, but also a microbial disease.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Primary keyword: <\/strong>Medicine\/Health<\/p>\n<p><strong>Secondary keywords: <\/strong>Gut microbiota; Colorectal cancer; Metagenomic analysis; Metabolomic analysis; Carcinogenesis<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-5035 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_1619r-400x267.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"267\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_1619r-400x267.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_1619r-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_1619r-1024x683.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><br \/>Press conference at National Cancer Center Japan<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Text in Japanese 2019-06-07 Publish\u00a0 Nature Medicine Researchers from Osaka University reveal specific changes [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5001,"parent":4390,"menu_order":97,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4990"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4990"}],"version-history":[{"count":28,"href":"https:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4990\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7609,"href":"https:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4990\/revisions\/7609"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4390"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5001"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4990"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}