Neurofeedback training was developed to change phantom hand representation without awareness of phantom limb motion or phantom limb images, successfully decreasing pain.
T. Yanagisawa, R. Fukuma, B. Seymour, M. Tanaka, O. Yamashita, K. Hosomi, H. Kishima, Y. Kamitani, Y. Saitouh, Neurofeedback Training without Explicit Phantom Hand Movements and Hand-Like Visual Feedback to Modulate Pain: A Randomized Crossover Feasibility Trial, Journal of Pain, 2022 Aug 3; S1526-5900(22)00368-6. PMID: 35932992, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.07.009