In collaboration with the Department of Surgery, Osaka University (Profs. Masaki Mori and Yuichiro Doki), Nishikawa et al. studied an expression profiling study of surgically resected human tumors by utilizing a flow cytometry-based cell separation technique, an anti-cell surface marker antibody-based array platform, and a tumorigenicity analysis in immunodeficient animals. These approaches revealed that the significance of markers cluster of differentiation CD44 and CD26. The present study demonstrated that the combined expression of CD26 and CD44 presents a potential marker of human GC stem cells.