In the collaboration with the Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University, Hayashi , et al. investigated optical imaging parameters to evaluate cancer stem cells using human cervical cancer cells. The results of a sphere-forming assay revealed that the self-renewal ability of the population was significantly high. A tumorigenicity assay confirmed the tumorigenic potential. The radioresistance and chemoresistance were confirmed. These results indicate cancer stem cell-like properties and therapeutic resistance. Thus we successfully visualized cancer stem cell-like cells using this system.